Your Real Debt Relief Options, Explained
1. Hardship program with your card company
Call the number on the back of your card and ask for a hardship program. Many issuers will lower your rate or fees for a set time if you explain a job loss, illness or other setback. It's free, and your credit stays intact if you keep paying. The catch: the lower rate is usually temporary, and the card may be frozen.
2. Debt management plan (credit counseling)
A credit counselor works out lower rates with your card companies. You make one monthly payment to the counseling agency, and it pays your cards. Plans usually take 48 months or more, and you'll likely stop using the cards. Look for a nonprofit, accredited agency, but the FTC notes that nonprofit doesn't automatically mean free, so ask about fees first.
3. Consolidation loan
A personal loan pays off all your cards, leaving one fixed payment and a set payoff date. It only helps if the loan's rate plus fees is lower than your cards, and if you don't run the cards back up. Avoid putting your home up as collateral to pay off cards.
4. Debt settlement
A for-profit company negotiates with your card companies to accept less than you owe. You usually stop paying the cards and save into a separate account instead. It can cut what you pay, but the FTC lists real risks: late fees and interest keep growing, you can be sued or have wages garnished, your credit takes a serious hit, not every debt gets settled, and forgiven amounts may be taxable. Settlement companies can't legally charge you a fee before they settle a debt.
5. Bankruptcy
When none of the above can work, bankruptcy can wipe out or restructure credit card debt. It has the biggest credit impact and its own costs, so talk to a bankruptcy attorney; many offer a free first consultation.
How to Spot a Debt Relief Scam
- They mention a "government" or "new federal" program for credit card debt.
- They want a fee before they've settled any of your debts.
- They guarantee they can settle all your debts or stop all collection calls.
- They tell you to stop talking to your card companies without explaining the risks.
Report scams at ReportFraud.ftc.gov or to your state attorney general.
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